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近年来，气候变化问题已经成为全人类共同面临的巨大挑战，说起气候变化对我们生活的影响，我们往往很难得到一个直观的认识。但实际上，就从我们生活中最重要的一件事——吃(饮食)——来看，气候变化所带来的的影响正在显现。无纺布布鞋袋
The Cotton Tote Crisis
Cotton bags have become a means for brands, retailers and supermarkets to telegraph a planet-friendly mindset — or, at least, to show that the companies are aware of the overuse of plastic in packaging.
"Theres a trend in New York right now where people are wearing merch: carrying totes from local delis, hardware stores or their favourite steakhouse," says designer Rachel Comey.
So far, so Earth-friendly? Not exactly. It turns out the wholehearted embrace of cotton totes may actually have created a new problem.无纺布布鞋袋
An organic cotton tote needs to be used 20,000 times to offset its overall impact of production, according to a 2018 study by the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark. Thatequatesto daily use for 54 years — for just one bag.
Cotton is water-intensive, and figuring out how to dispose of a tote in an environmentally low-impact way is not nearly as simple as people think, according to Travis Wagner, an environmental science professor at the University of Maine.无纺布布鞋袋
You cant, for example, just put a tote in acompostbin, and only 15 percent of the 30 million tons of cotton produced every year actually makes its way to textile depositories. Even when a tote does make it to a treatment plant, most dyes used to print logos onto them are PVC-based and thus not recyclable.
Theyre "extremely difficult to break down chemically," said Christopher Stanev, the co-founder of Evrnu, a Seattle-based textile recycling firm. Printed patterns have to be cut out of the cloth; Mr. Stanev estimates 10 to 15 percent of the cotton Evrnu receives is wasted this way.无纺布布鞋袋
Thats not to say cotton is worse than plastic, or that the two should even be compared. While cotton can usepesticidesand has dried up rivers from water consumption, lightweight plastic bags use greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels, are not biodegrade and clog up the oceans.
Buffy Reid, of the British knitwear label &Daughter, halted production of her cotton bags in April this year. Aesop is converting the composition of its shopping bags to a blend of recycled and organic cotton. "It will cost us 15 percent more," says Suzanne Santos, the chief customer officer of Aesop, but "it reduces water by 70 percent to 80 percent".无纺布布鞋袋
Some brands are turning to other textile solutions.Designer无纺布布鞋袋Ally Capellino recently swapped cotton for hemp, while Hindmarch introduced a new version of her original tote, this time made from recycled water bottles; Nordstrom also uses similar bags in its stores.
In the end, the simplest solution may be the most obvious. "Not every product needs a bag," Comey says.
参考译文无纺布布鞋袋
棉布手提袋危机无纺布布鞋袋
棉布手提袋已经成为各大品牌、零售商和超市传达环保理念的一种手段，或者至少表明公司意识到塑料袋过度使用的危害。无纺布布鞋袋
设计师蕾切尔·科米表示: "现在纽约有这样一种趋势，人们穿着便装、提着来自当地熟食店、五金店或他们最喜欢的牛排餐厅发放的手提袋。"无纺布布鞋袋
那么，棉布手提袋真的无害吗?并不是。事实证明，棉布手提包风潮可能会带来一个新问题。无纺布布鞋袋
2018年，丹麦环境与食品部的一项研究表明，一个有机棉手提袋需要使用2万次，才能抵消其生产过程对环境的负面影响。这相当于每个手提袋需要使用54年之久。无纺布布鞋袋
根据缅因州大学环境科学教授特拉维斯·瓦格纳的说法，棉布的制作过程需要消耗大量的水，要想以一种对环境影响小的方式制造一个手提包，并不像人们想象的那么简单。无纺布布鞋袋
例如，你不能直接把一个棉布手提袋放入堆肥箱里，每年生产的3000万吨棉花中只有15%会被送到纺织仓库。即使手提袋被送到了垃圾处理厂，大多数用于在手提袋上印商标的染料都是聚氯乙烯材质的，因此是不可回收的。
西雅图纺织品回收公司 Evrnu 的联合创始人克里斯托弗·斯塔涅夫表示，它们"很难用化学方法分解"。必须将印有图案的部分剪掉才能回收，据斯塔涅夫估计，Evrnu 公司收到的棉织品中有10%到15%是因为这个原因而浪费的。
这并不是说棉花比塑料差，或者两者应该相提并论。虽然棉花种植可能需要使用杀虫剂，而且还会耗费大量的水，但制造塑料袋所用的化石燃料会产生温室气体，且它无法生物降解，会堆积在海里。无纺布布鞋袋
英国针织品品牌&Daughter的创始人巴菲·里德于今年4月宣布停止棉布手提袋的生产。伊索正在将其购物袋的成分转换成可回收有机棉的混合物。伊索公司的首席客户官苏珊娜·桑托斯说: "这将使我们的成本提高15%，但却能减少了70%至80%的耗水量。"
一些品牌正转而使用其他的纺织面料。设计师品牌埃里·森劳最近用麻替代棉花，而无纺布布鞋袋希德玛芝则是推出了一款用回收的水瓶制作而成的手提袋；诺德斯特龙百货店也在其门店使用类似的手提袋。
总的来说，最简单的解决方案或许是显而易见的。科米说: "并不是每个产品都需要装在一个袋子里。"
来源：纽约时报无纺布布鞋袋
单词解析无纺布布鞋袋
1. equate无纺布布鞋袋[ɪˈkweɪt]
v. 等同；使平衡无纺布布鞋袋
e.g.无纺布布鞋袋
I dont see how you can equate the two things.无纺布布鞋袋
我不明白你怎么能把这两件事等同起来。无纺布布鞋袋
2. compost无纺布布鞋袋[ˈkɑːmpoʊst]
n. 堆肥；混合物 vt. 堆肥无纺布布鞋袋
e.g.无纺布布鞋袋
广告宣传用无纺布袋\帆布袋订制\档案包\无纺布面粉袋生产厂家，可印刷图案和logo 联系电话/微信：15838231350
The debris slowly decomposes into compost.无纺布布鞋袋
这堆碎屑慢慢地分解变成了堆肥。无纺布布鞋袋
3. pesticide无纺布布鞋袋[ˈpestɪsaɪd]
n. 杀虫剂；农药无纺布布鞋袋
e.g.无纺布布鞋袋
Samples of the water contained pesticide.无纺布布鞋袋
水样中含有杀虫剂。无纺布布鞋袋
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